The Effect of pH on the Effectiveness of Tamarind and Moringa Seeds Biocoagulants in Tofu Wastewater Treatment
Keywords:
biocoagulant, Moringa oleifera, Tamarindus indica, pH variation, tofu wastewaterAbstract
The wastewater generated by the tofu industry has the potential to cause serious environmental pollution if it is not properly treated before being discharged into environment. This wastewater contains high levels of organic and inorganic materials that can reduce water quality and harm aquatic ecosystems. One of the effective and environmentally friendly treatment methods that can be applied is the coagulation–flocculation process using natural materials as biocoagulants. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Moringa seeds (Moringa oleifera Lam) and Tamarind seeds (Tamarindus indica L.) as natural biocoagulants in reducing several water quality parameters, including Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and Ammonia in tofu wastewater. The variations of pH used in this study were 4, 6, and 8, with a biocoagulant dosage of 4 g/L. The treatment was carried out through a coagulation–flocculation process consisting of rapid mixing at 200 rpm for 2 minutes, followed by slow mixing at 20 rpm for 20 minutes, and a sedimentation period of 50 minutes. The results indicated that the optimum reduction of TSS was achieved at pH 4 using Tamarind seed biocoagulant, with a reduction efficiency of 72%. Meanwhile, the optimum Ammonia removal was obtained at pH 6 using Moringa seed biocoagulant, achieving a 22% reduction. The DO level increased by 81% at pH 4 using Tamarind seeds. However, the TDS parameter did not yet meet the quality standards set by Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 of 2021. Overall, these findings demonstrated that pH variation plays a crucial role in influencing the performance of natural biocoagulants as sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives for tofu wastewater treatment.
References
Asmadi and Suharno (2012) Dasar-dasar teknologi pengolahan air limbah. Yogyakarta: Gosyen Publishing.
Bangun, A.R., Aminah, S., Anas, H.R. and Ritonga, M.Y. (2013) 'Pengaruh kadar air, dosis, dan lama pengendapan koagulan serbuk biji kelor sebagai alternatif pengolahan limbah cair industri tahu', Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU, 2(1).
Ekoputri, S.F., Rahmatunnissa, A., Nulfaidah, F., Ratnasari, Y., Djaeni, M. and Sari, D.A. (2023) 'Pengolahan air limbah dengan metode koagulasi-flokulasi pada industri kimia', Jurnal Serambi Engineering, 9(1), pp. 7781–7787. doi: 10.32672/jse.v9i1.715.
Hak, A., Yeti, K. and Husnul, K. (2018) 'Efektivitas penggunaan biji kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) sebagai koagulan untuk menurunkan kadar TDS dan TSS dalam limbah laundry', Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia, 6(2).
Haslinah, A. (2020) 'Ukuran partikel dan konsentrasi koagulan serbuk biji kelor (Moringa Oleifera) terhadap penurunan persentase COD dalam limbah cair industri tahu', Jurnal Teknologi, 15(1).
Herawati, A., Riistika, A., Bambang, I., Juliananda and Hidayanti, A.S. (2017) 'Pengaruh pH dan dosis koagulan ekstrak biji kelor dalam koagulasi terhadap pengurangan kekeruhan limbah cair', Jurnal Rekayasa Bahan Alam dan Energi Berkelanjutan, 1(1), pp. 25–28.
Hermida, L., Joni, A. and Bella, K. (2021) 'Penggunaan ekstrak biji kelor sebagai biokoagulan pada pengolahan limbah cair industri laundry', Jurnal Teknologi dan Inovasi Industri, 2(2).
Hidayat, N. (2016) Bioproses limbah cair. Yogyakarta: CV Andi Offset.
Martina, A., Effendy, D.S. and Soetedjo, J.N.M. (2018) 'Aplikasi koagulan biji asam jawa dalam penurunan konsentrasi zat warna drimaren red pada limbah tekstil sintetik pada berbagai variasi operasi', Jurnal Rekayasa Proses, 12(2), p. 40. doi: 10.22146/jrekpros.38948.
Mawaddah, D., Titin, A.Z. and Soetdjo, J.N.M. (2018) 'Aplikasi koagulan biji asam jawa dalam penurunan konsentrasi zat warna drimaren red pada limbah tekstil sintetik pada berbagai variasi operasi', Jurnal Rekayasa Proses, 12(2).
Mursitaningrum, A.P., Dea, K.F. and Lisa, A. (2024) 'Efektivitas koagulan PAC dan alumunium sulfat dengan komibinasi flokulan pada limbah cair pabrik sepeda motor', Jurnal Edukasi dan Sains, 7(2), pp. 90–95.
Muryanto (2020) 'Validasi metode analisa amonia pada air tanah menggunakan metode spektrofotometri', Indonesian Journal of Laboratory, 2(2), pp. 40–44. doi: 10.22146/ijl.c2i154490.
Ndabigengesere, A. and Narasiah, K.S. (1998) 'Quality of water treated by coagulation using Moringa oleifera seeds', Water Research, 32(3), pp. 781–791.
Pagoray, H., Sulistyawati, S. and Fitriyani, F. (2021) 'Limbah cair industri tahu dan dampaknya terhadap kualitas air dan biota perairan', Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu, 9(1), pp. 53–65. doi: 10.36084/jpt.v9i1.312.
Sariwahyuni, Dwi, S. and Kaerunnisa, N.J. (2024) 'Pengaruh penambahan koagulan biji asam jawa dan biji pepaya terhadap nilai Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) dan pH limbah komunal PT. KIMA', Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Mineral, 3(2), pp. 73–78. doi: 10.61844/jtkm.v3i2.854.
Sarwono, E., Rizky, A.K. and Setiawan, Y. (2017) 'Penurunan parameter kekeruhan, TSS, dan TDS dengan variasi unit flokulasi', Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 1(2).
Setyawati, H., LA, S. S., and Sari, S.A. (2018) 'Penerapan penggunaan serbuk biji kelor sebagai koagulan pada proses koagulasi-flokulasi limbah cair pabrik tahu di sentra industri tahu Kota Malang', Industri Inovatif: Jurnal Teknik Industri, 8(1), pp. 21–31. doi: 10.36040/industri.v8i1.669.
Syahputra, A., Utama, D.W. and Harahap, U.N. (2022) 'Efektifitas pemberian koagulan dan flokulan terhadap proses penjernihan air di pabrik kelapa sawit PT. Palmaris Raya Manadailing Natal', Mesteri Jurnal, 1(1), pp. 54–61.
Wardani, F.A. and Tuhu, A.R. (2014) 'Pemanfaatan biji asam jawa (Tamarindus indica) sebagai koagulan alternatif dalam proses pengolahan air sungai', Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Lingkungan, 7(2), pp. 85–91.
Wijaya, A., Nabilla, B.P., Lucky, I.U. and Dwi, H.A. (2024) 'Optimasi ekstraksi minyak biji kelor menggunakan tangki pengaduk', Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia, 9(1), pp. 56–61.
Yusuf, A.M., Ratnaningsih, R. and Rostiyanti, H. (2022) 'Pemanfaatan koagulan biji asam jawa guna memperbaiki parameter BOD, COD, dan TSS limbah cair tahu', Jurnal Ekologi Masyarakat dan Sains, 3(2), pp. 3–9. doi: 10.55448/ems.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Febrina Zulya, Ibrahim, Ridhanti Wulandari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
